定语从句讲解（一）：
1.定语从句的概念：
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
2.先行词：
被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
3.关系词：
引导定语从句的连词叫关系词。如that、who、which、whom、whose、where、when等。
4.由that、which、who、whom、whose引导的定语从句。
that指人也指物
who指人
which指物
whom指人，做宾语
whose指人或物，做定语
定语从句讲解（二）：
由关系副词when、where、why引导的定语从句。
where = in at +which when = in on at +which why = for + which
1.由where引导的定语从句。
1).先行词是表示地点的名词 2).在定语从句中作地点状语
Is this the house ______ you lived ?= Is this the house _____ _____ you lived ?
= Is this the house _____ you lived in ?
2.由when引导的定语从句。
1).先行词是表示时光的名词 2).在定语从句中作时光状语
I will never forget the days ______ I met him .= I will never forget the days ____ ____ I met him.
注：先行词是the last time 时，when 可省略。
When was the last time you saw the parrot ?
3.由why引导的定语从句。
先行词为reason 时，一般用why 。 why在句中作原因状语。
We don’t know the reason ______ they didn’t e .
定语从句讲解（三）：
1.先行词是物时，一般情景既可用that也可用which.但下列情景下，只能用that不用which。
1).当先行词为指物的不定代词，如all、everything、something、anything、nothing、none、the one等时，只能用that。
There is nothing ______ I can do for you .
2).当先行词被the only、the very 、the last、all、no、little等词修饰时，只能用that。
This is the very book ______ I’m looking for .
3).先行词被序数词修饰时，只能用that 。
This is the first nextbook ______ I studied in the middle school .
4).先行词为最高级或被最高级修饰时，只能用that。
This is the most beautiful mountain ______ I have ever seen .=
I have _____ seen _____ a beautiful mountian .
5).先行词既有人也有物时，只能that 。
He told us many interesting things and persons _______ we had .
2.先行词是物时，一般情景既可用that也可用which.但下列情景下，只能用which不用that。
1).关系代词前有介词时，关系词只能用which 。
This is the building in ______ he lives .
2).先行词本身是that时，关系词只能用which 。
The clock is that _____ tells the time .
3).引导非限定性的定语从句（先行词是物且先行词与关系词用逗号隔开），关系词用which。
His book ， ______ was lost last week ， has been found now.
3.先行词是人时，一般情景下既可用who 也可用that 。但以下情景下，只能用who。
1).当先行词为those、one、ones、anyone且作主语时，一般用who 。
Those ______ are singing are all my classmates .
2).在there be 句型中，先行词指人时，只能用who。指物时用that。
There is a girl ______ expects to see you .
3).当先行词是I、you、he、they等时，只能用who 。
He ______ plays with fire gets burned .
定语从句讲解（四）：
1.关系词在定语从句中作宾语时，常可省略。
The story _____ he told was very popular .
A.who B.whom C.whose D.
2.that、who、which在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词应与先行词坚持一致。
I loves singers who _______(write) their own songs .
She is one of the girls who ______(study) hard .
3.在定语从句中不能出现代替先行词的人称代词。
Will you please show me the book ______ yesterday?
A. which you bought B. that you bought it C. you bought D. you bought it
4.定语从句中whose 的确定：
无论先行词是人或物，在定语从句中做定语用whose。
确定：看定语从句的主语前有无限定词（my、your、Jim’s等），若没有，则用whose 。
The girl _____ parents work in Beijing is Kate .
A. who B. whose C. which D. that
I know the boy . His handwriting is very good .= I know the boy ____ handwriting is very good.
定语从句练习题（附答案解析）
1． This is the only one of the students _____ the truth．
A． that knows B． that know C． who know D． which knows
2． Do you know the girl _____?
A． whom he often talk to B． to who he often talks C． to that he often talks D． he often talks to
3． The world _____ we live is made up of matter．
A． on which B． of which C． at which D． in which
4． There are no children _____ love their parents．
A． that do not B． who does not C． that D． who
5． I’m one of the boys _____ never late for school．
A． that is B． who are C． who am D． who is
6． Abraham Lincoln， _____ led the United States _____ these years， was _____ of the greatest presidents．
A． he；for；a B． whom；in；one C． who；at；one D． who；through；one
7． Who is the girl _____ wearing a red dress? A． whose B． that C． whom D． that’s
8． The old man _____ yesterday is a scientist． A． I spoke B． I spoke to C． whom I spoke D． that I spoke to him
9． The young man _____ is an engineer of our factory．
A． that you just talked B． whom you just talked to
C． which you just talked to D． who you just talked
10． The dictionary _____ is sold out in the bookshop．
A． you need B． what you need C． which you need it D． that you need it
答案及解析：
1． 选A。the only one of the students是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。
2． 选D。关系代词为whom或者that， 在从句中作介词宾语，能够省略。
3． 选D。介词in与live搭配，提到关系代词之前。
4． 选A。children是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。
5． 选B。boys是先行词，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。
6． 选D。who引导非限制性定语从句；through表示“经过”。
7． 选D。that’s是定语从句的主语和谓语动词。
8． 选B。关系代词为whom或者that， 在从句中作介词to的宾语，能够省略。
9． 选B。关系代词作介词宾语，介词不可省略。
10． 选A。关系代词为that或者which， 在从句中作宾语，能够省略。
定语从句讲解（五）：
定语从句其它关系词用法（基础阶段仅作了解即可）
She is the woman whose car was stolen.
她就是那个车被偷的女士。
[whose指代 the woman’s，在从句中作定语， 修饰car。]
This is the house whose wall is painted pink.
这就是墙壁被刷成粉红色的那幢房子。
[whose表示“房子的”，在从句中作定语， 修饰wall。]
The boy whom I spoke to is a nice person.
与我讲话的那个男小孩是个友好的人。
[whom指代 the boy，在从句中作spoke to宾语。]
The town where she lives is very small.
她所居住的那个小镇十分小。
[从句意指：she lives in the town]
[where意指in the town，在定语从句中作地方状语]
I can still remember the day when you were born.
我仍然记得你出生的那天。
[从句意指：you were born on that day]
[when意指on that day，在定语从句中作时光状语]
The reason why he did it is unknown.
他做这事的理由没人明白。
[why意指for the reason，在从句中作原因状语]
定语从句讲解（六）：
关系词thatwhichwho用法
1)thatwhichwho用法一：
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注：that更常用于口语，whichwho更常用于书面语。
例析：
Do you know the boy that is standing over there?
[先行词the boy是人，关系词可用that]
你认识站在那里的那个男小孩吗？
Have you seen the movie that we talked about?
[先行词the movie是物，关系词可用that或which]
你看了我们谈论过的那部电影吗？
I saw the letter which came yesterday.
[先行词the letter是物，关系词可用which或that]
我看到了昨日寄到的那封信。
The man who was driving a red car is my brother.
[先行词the man是人，关系词可用who 或that]
开着红色汽车的那个人是我的兄弟。
2)thatwhichwho用法二：
（相关链接：主语是什么 宾语是什么）
Do you know the boy thatwho is standing over there?
[从句意指: the boy is standing over there]
[thatwho指代the boy，在从句中作主语]
I saw the letter whichthat came yesterday.
[从句意指: the letter came yesterday]
[thatwhich指代the letter，在从句中作主语]
Have you seen the movie thatwhich we talked about?
[从句意指: we talked about the movie]
[thatwhich指代the movie，在从句中作talked about的宾语]
(我刚遇见的那个女孩十分友好。)
The girl thatwho I just met was very friendly.
[从句意指: I just met the girl]
[thatwho指代the girl，在从句中作met的宾语]
定语从句讲解（七）：
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词坚持一致。
1)who， whom， that这些词代替的先行词是表示人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语或宾语。
例如：
Is he the man whothat wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(whothat在从句中作主语)
He is the man whomthat I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨日见的那个人。(whomthat在从句中作宾语)
2)whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还能够同of which互换)。
例如：
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which， that所代替的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等。
例如：
A prosperity whichthat had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(whichthat在句中作宾语)
The package (whichthat) you are carrying is about to e unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(whichthat在句中作宾语)
2. 关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是表示时光、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1)关系副词when， where， why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，所以常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。
例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮忙他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词，能够用于表示时光、地点、方式、理由的名词后代替when， where， why和“介+which”引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。
例如：
His father died the year (thatwhenin which) he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (thatwherein which) he lived forty years ago.他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
3. 确定关系代词与关系副词
方法一：用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系代词;而不及物动词则要求用关系副词。
例如：
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
这是我去年呆过的山村。
I'll never forget the days when I worked together with you.
我永久不会忘记与你共事的日子。
确定改错：
(错)This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错)I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对)This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对)I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时光的名词与关系副词where， when联系在一齐。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二：准确确定先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词或关系副词。
例1. Is this museum ____ you visited a few days ago?
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
例2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
A. where B. that C. on which D. the one
答案：例1 D;例2 A
例1变为肯定句： This museum is ____ you visited a few days ago.
例2变为肯定句： This is the museum ____ the exhibition was held.
在例1中，从句中所缺部分为宾语，而主句中又缺表语，所以仅有the one能够作主句的表语，而关系代词作从句的宾语能够省略，所以选D。
而例2中， 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语表地点，既可用关系副词where，又可用介词in + which引导地点状语。而此题中，介词on用的不对，所以选A。
关系词的选择依据在从句中所作的成分，先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语时，选择关系代词(who， whom， that， which， whose);先行词在从句中作状语时，应选择关系副词(where 地点状语，when 时光状语，why 原因状语)。
4. 限制性和非限制性定语从句
1)定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确;非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
例如：
This is the house which we bought last month.
这是我们上个月买的那幢房子。(限制性)
The house， which we bought last month， is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。(非限制性)
2)当先行词是专有名词或有物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
例如：
Charles Smith， who was my former teacher， retired last year.
查理史密斯去年退休了，他以往是我的教师。
My house， which I bought last year， has got a lovely garden.
我去年买的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel， which I have read three times， is very touching.
这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词，对其进行修饰，这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
例如：
He seems not to have grasped what I meant， which greatly upsets me.
他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor， which is called evaporation.
液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
5. 介词+关系词
(1) 介词后面的关系词不能省略;
(2) that前不能有介词;
(3) 关系副词when，where，why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构，所以，常常能够和“介词|+which”结构交替使用。
例如：
This is the house where (in which) I lived two years ago.
这是我两年前住过的房子。
Do you remember the day when (on which) you joined our club?
还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
6. as和which引导的非限定性定语从句
由as和which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句。as一般放在句首，which在句中。
例如：
As we know， smoking is harmful to one’s health.
如我们所知，吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth， which is very important to us.
阳光使地球暖起来，这对我们很重要。
典型例题：
1. Alice received an invitation from her boss， ___ came as a surprise.
A. it B. that C. which D. he
答案：C。此句为which引导的非限定性从句;that不能引导非限制性定语从句;it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的`句子不能单以逗号连接。
2. It rained hard yesterday， ____ prevented me from going to the park.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
答案：B。as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都能够作主语和宾语。但不一样之处主要有两点：
(1) as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可;
(2) as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which。在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。
7. whatwhatever; whowhoever; thatwhat
(1) what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如：
What you want has been sent here. 你要的东西都送到那里来了。
Whatever you want makes no difference to me. 不管你要什么，跟我没什么关系。
(2) who = the person that;whoever = anyone who。例如：
(错) Who breaks the law will be punished.
(错) Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.
(对) Whoever breaks the law will be punished. 王子犯法，与庶民同罪。
(对) Who robbed the bank is not clear. 谁抢了银行还不清楚。
(3) that和what
当that引导定语从句时，通常用作关系代词，而引导名词性从句时，that是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句中的that常可省略;what引导名词性从句，用作连接代词，作从句的具体成分，且不能省略。
例如：
I think(that) you will like the stamps. 我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。
What we need is more practice. 我们需要的是更多的实践。
8. 关系代词that的用法
(1) 不用that的情景：
●引导非限定性定语从句时。例如：
The tree， that is four hundred years old， is very famous here.(错)
●介词后不能用that。例如：
We depend on the land from which we get our food. 我们依靠土地获得食物。
We depend on the land thatwhich we get our food from.
(2) 只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情景：
●在不定代词，如anything，nothing，the one，all，much，few，any，little等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。例如：
All that is needed is a supply of oil. 所需的只是供油问题。
●先行词有the only，the very修饰时，只用that。例如：
He is the only person that attended the meeting. 他是唯一参加这个会议的人。
●先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰时，只用that。例如：
This is the most exciting film I have ever seen. 这是我看过的最令人兴奋的电影。
●先行词既有人，又有物时。例如：
They talked of things and persons that they remembered. 他们谈论着他们记得的人和事。
定语从句讲解（八）：
关系代词引导的定语从句
1、who指人，在从句中做主语
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2.、whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。
(2) The man whowhom you met just now is my friend.
3、which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)
三、定语从句的结构：在复合句中，修饰某个名词或代词的句子（做这个名词或代词的定语）叫定语从句，定语从句一般放在被修饰的名词或代词后面，被修饰的名词或代词叫做定语从句的先行词，它与定语从句之间要有一个词连接，这个词指代先行词的资料叫做关系词（关系代词或关系副词：that， which， who， whose， when， where， why）。先行词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，时光，地点，原因状语。
结构：先行词+关系词+定语从句。
1. There she saw a wall of water that was quickly advancing towards her.
2. In Japan， someone who sees another person making the gesture will think it means money.
3. A theme park is a collection of rides， exhibitions or other attractions that are based on a mon theme.
4. The park has a conservation center that helps protect marine animals and their habitats in the rivers and coastal waters of Asia.
5. Visitors can go on exciting rides where they can feel what it is like to do the things they have seen their heroes do in the movie.
6. Oprah Winfrey is a black woman whose rise to fame is an inspiring story.